In the previous JavaScript article tutorial - Some Essential JavaScript Prototype Functions to Enhance your JavaScript Applications - jsB@nk presented to you one JavaScript prototype function to copy/clone a JavaScript object, but in this post, there's only JavaScript source code to make it without detailed instructions and comments.
Therefore, in this JavaScript article tutorial, jsB@nk will show you a full detailed instructions and guides in copying JavaScript objects with many JavaScript example codes and many ways to use.
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Everyone knows Javascript doesn’t have classes. Thankfully most Javascript programmers are very good at playing pretend.
Because so many people attempt to introduce a classical structure to their Javscript code, I figure I’ll share some of my findings. Below is one way of allowing a base class function to copy an instance of a subclass while maintaining proper type.
Let’s say we have an Animal class and we subclass it to create a Cat class. We also want the Animal class to have a clone() method that will return work with its subclasses. That is, if I clone a Cat, I want “instanceof Cat” and “instanceof Animal” to both be true.
Let’s make the classes real quick. Here’s an Animal:
function Animal() { // animal stuff } // All of Animal's methods will go into its prototype Animal.prototype = { saySomething: function() { return "I am an animal!"; }, copy: function() { var newcopy; if (this.subConstructor) { newcopy = new this.subConstructor; } else { newcopy = new Animal(); } // maybe copy over other values return newcopy; } };
And then the Cat. Typically the easiest way to make a Javascript function be a “subclass” of another function is to set the prototype of the subclass equal to “new baseclass.” With cat we’ll go a little further and also save the constructor.
Cat:
function Cat() { this.constructor(); // call animal's constructor // cat stuff } // Save the cat's constructor, replace Cat's prototype and constructor // Then restore cat's constructor as subConstructor var con = Cat.prototype.constructor; Cat.prototype = new Animal(); Cat.prototype.constructor = Animal; Cat.prototype.subConstructor = con // override the saySomething function Cat.prototype.saySomething = function() { return "Meow!"; };
There you have it. Cats created this way will be “instanceof Cat” and “instanceof Animal”, and so will their clones. We should of course make tests to see, and lucky for us all of them check out OK:
// some tests and their results in the comment var c = new Cat(); console.log(c instanceof Animal); // true console.log(c instanceof Cat); // true console.log(c.saySomething()); // "Meow!" var a = new Animal(); console.log(a instanceof Animal); // true console.log(a instanceof Cat); // false console.log(a.saySomething()); // "I am an animal!" var copyCat = c.copy(); console.log(copyCat instanceof Animal); // true console.log(copyCat instanceof Cat); // true console.log(copyCat.saySomething()); // "Meow!" var copyAnimal = a.copy(); console.log(copyAnimal instanceof Animal); // true console.log(copyAnimal instanceof Cat); // false console.log(copyAnimal.saySomething()); // "I am an animal!"
You might want to use the four lines needed for subclassing elsewhere so its a good idea to stuff them into a function that you’d put in a utility class/var somewhere. So we could make:
function derive(base, sub) { var con = sub.prototype.constructor; sub.prototype = new base(); sub.prototype.constructor = base; sub.prototype.subConstructor = con }
And then making a clone-able subclass would be as easy as calling derive after each constructor:
function Cat() { this.constructor(); // call animal's constructor // cat stuff } derive(Animal, Cat); // override the saySomething function Cat.prototype.saySomething = function() { return "Meow!"; };
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